These include normal saline, which has minerals such as sodium, or you may receive colloids. Because the body demands more oxygen in this state, some patients with sepsis and septic shock are often placed on mechanical ventilators to give their lungs and body some rest and the ability to heal, warns Brown.
There are different ways to receive oxygen therapy, such as through a nasal tube, a face mask, or mechanical ventilation inserting a tube into the trachea.
Once a doctor determines the source of an infection, surgery may be necessary to remove it. Situations that may require surgery include the discovery of an abscess somewhere in the body. This is a pocket of pus usually caused by a bacterial infection.
An abscess can form on the skin or inside of the body as a complication of another infection. Some abscesses respond to antibiotics. But sometimes, doctors must make an incision and drain an abscess or surgically remove an abscess to stop an infection.
Surgery is also needed in other situations. Some people with diverticulitis , gastritis, or another inflammatory gastrointestinal GI condition develop a hole in their stomach, large intestine, or small intestines gastrointestinal perforation. As a result, content from the GI tract travels to the stomach and causes an infection. Surgery is necessary to repair this hole. But while the above are common treatments for sepsis, you may require other types of supportive therapy based on the extent of your condition.
These therapies vary from person to person. For example, someone with a low number of red blood cells may receive a blood transfusion while in the hospital. Anemia can occur in people with sepsis, but a red blood cell transfusion can help improve oxygen delivery throughout the body. As sepsis progresses, kidney damage can also occur. Sepsis can damage not only your kidneys but also other organs such as your heart and lungs. Therefore, your doctor may use hemodynamic monitoring to keep a close eye on your heart and lung function.
Some people with severe sepsis and septic shock also experience hyperglycemia. This risk applies to people with diabetes and those without diabetes. Here are treatments, medications, and types of equipment that may be used on a patient with sepsis or septic shock. Extracorporeal therapies are treatments done using machines and techniques such as continuous renal replacement therapy a type of dialysis or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or ECMO life support.
Arterial lines — Arterial lines look like IV lines but they go directly into an artery, usually the wrist or groin. Nurses can monitor blood pressure and take frequent blood samples without inserting a needle in a vein each time one is needed. A special cap protects the line. It allows blood draws directly from the line. The line and cap must be monitored closely because the pressure caused by the blood pumping from the heart can result serious bleeding if the line becomes undone.
Central lines — Central lines are large IV catheters most often inserted into a large vein near the shoulder. They they can go in any large vein, such as the neck or groin. Central lines have larger catheters than IVs. They provide fluids more quickly and easily. Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation in the body and depress the immune system, making it less active. Vasopressors — Physicians prescribe vasopressors to patients who are in shock and whose blood pressures have dropped dangerously low.
The vasopressors act constrict or tighten up the blood vessels, forcing the blood pressure to go up. Oxygen — Patients usually get oxygen, by mechanical ventilator, mask or nasal cannula. This ensures the body has enough oxygen in its system. A pulse oximetry monitor, often called a pulse ox, is a small piece of equipment that fits over the tip of a finger or toe, or on the ear lobe. It measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Endotracheal Tube — An endotracheal tube, or ET tube, goes through the mouth into the trachea windpipe and is attached to a ventilator. A patient who has an ET tube is intubated. When the tube comes out, they are extubated. Patients with ET tubes cannot speak as the tube passes through the vocal cords. Daniels R. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department.
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